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Zooming in and out of ferroptosis in human disease

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 173-206 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0992-z

摘要： Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent regulated form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation. In the past decade, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases that together involve almost every organ of the body, including various cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, endocrine metabolic diseases, iron-overload-related diseases, orthopedic diseases and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its regulatory pathways could provide additional strategies for the management of these disease conditions. Indeed, there are an expanding number of studies suggesting that ferroptosis serves as a bona-fide target for the prevention and treatment of these diseases in relevant pre-clinical models. In this review, we summarize the progress in the research into ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanisms in human disease, while providing evidence in support of ferroptosis as a target for the treatment of these diseases. We also discuss our perspectives on the future directions in the targeting of ferroptosis in human disease.

关键词： ferroptosis     human disease     iron metabolism     lipid peroxidation     antioxidation    

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Progress on the research and development of human enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 111-121 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0237-z

摘要：

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections, which can cause severe complications, have become one of the serious public health issues in the Western Pacific region and China. To date, a number of pharmaceutical companies and institutes have initiated the research and development of EV71 vaccines as a countermeasure. As is the case with innovative vaccine development, there are several critical bottlenecks in EV71 vaccine development that must be overcome before the clinical trials, including the selection of vaccine strain, standardization of the procedure for quantifying neutralizing antibody (NTAb) and antigen, establishment and application of a reference standard and biological standards, development of animal models for the evaluation of protective efficacy, and identification of the target patient population. To tackle these technical obstacles, researchers in Mainland of China have conducted a series of studies concerning the screening of vaccine strains and the establishment of criteria, biological standards and detection methods, thereby advancing EV71 vaccine development. This review summarizes recent worldwide progress on the quality control and evaluation of EV71 vaccines.

关键词： enterovirus 71 (EV71)     hand     foot     and mouth disease (HFMD)     vaccine    

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果蔬益生菌发酵技术及其产业化发展趋势 Review

关倩倩, 熊涛, 谢明勇

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第2期   页码 212-218 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.018

摘要：

本文简要介绍了现代人慢性疾病与肠道健康的关系，指出肠道菌群失调和膳食纤维摄入不足是慢性疾病发生的两大重要诱因。本文重点对益生菌发酵果蔬的研究现状、本团队在该领域取得的主要创新性成果以及相关产业未来发展趋势进行了综述。将益生菌发酵技术引入果蔬精深加工领域，开发益生菌发酵果蔬全新系列产品，不仅可以提高果蔬的附加值，还可将益生菌及其活性代谢产物与益生元（膳食纤维等）有机结合起来，对改善肠道健康、预防和缓解慢性疾病具有重要作用。果蔬益生菌发酵技术为益生菌影响人体健康的研究开辟了新思路，将为益生菌应用和果蔬加工新兴产业带来革命性影响，具有很大的市场潜力。

关键词： 益生菌     发酵果蔬     人体健康     慢性疾病预防    

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人体微生态与健康

王保红, 姚铭飞, 吕龙贤, 凌宗欣, 李兰娟

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第1期   页码 71-82 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.008

摘要：

数以万亿计的微生物寄生于人体表面和体内，并与人类起演变多种环境因素可影响胃肠道微生的平衡，这些改变与人体健康和疾病密切相关本文重点关注人体微生与宿主之间的相互作用，总体概括微生物在人体基本生命过程中以及主要疾病中起的作用，如感染性疾病肝脏疾病胃肠道肿瘤、代谢疾病呼吸系统疾病精神或心理疾病和自身免疫疾病等。我们还综述了微生物研究相关术的重要进展，如DNA 测序、代谢组学和基于计算生物信息学的蛋白质组学目前对人类微生态的研究已经更加复杂和全面建议研究应更多关注–宿主微生物的相互作用和因果关系，这有助于我们更好地了解肠道微生物在人类健康和疾病中的作用，并为临床实践提供新的治疗靶点和方法。

关键词： 微生物     健康     传染病     肝病     胃肠道恶性肿瘤     代谢紊乱     微生物技术     益生菌    

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人类遗传病的家系收集疾病基因定位克隆与疾病基因功能的研究

夏家辉

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第11期   页码 1-11

摘要：

介绍了中国医学遗传学国家重点实验室在遗传病家系收集、疾病基因定位、疾病基因克隆和疾病基因功能研究方面的研究工作。用细胞遗传学G显带技术于1975年发现了一条与鼻咽癌相关的标记染色体t（1；3）（q44；p11）；1981年将睾丸决定基因（TDF）定位于Yp11.32带；1991年以来收集遗传病家系345种共590个；1996年用显微切割、PCR、微克隆技术克隆了EXT2基因；1998年用基因家族-候选疾病基因克隆方法克隆了遗传性神经性耳聋基因GJB3；1999年用连锁分析和全基因组扫描将一种遗传性弥漫性浅表性光敏性汗孔角化症定位于12q23.2带，并在基因功能研究中发现了一个新的细胞内转运蛋白。

关键词： 遗传病家系     基因定位和克隆     基因家族-候选疾病基因克隆     基因组扫描     基因功能研究    

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Challenges of human–machine collaboration in risky decision-making

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期   页码 89-103 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0182-0

摘要： The purpose of this paper is to delineate the research challenges of human–machine collaboration in risky decision-making. Technological advances in machine intelligence have enabled a growing number of applications in human–machine collaborative decision-making. Therefore, it is desirable to achieve superior performance by fully leveraging human and machine capabilities. In risky decision-making, a human decision-maker is vulnerable to cognitive biases when judging the possible outcomes of a risky event, whereas a machine decision-maker cannot handle new and dynamic contexts with incomplete information well. We first summarize features of risky decision-making and possible biases of human decision-makers therein. Then, we argue the necessity and urgency of advancing human–machine collaboration in risky decision-making. Afterward, we review the literature on human–machine collaboration in a general decision context, from the perspectives of human–machine organization, relationship, and collaboration. Lastly, we propose challenges of enhancing human–machine communication and teamwork in risky decision-making, followed by future research avenues.

关键词： human–machine collaboration     risky decision-making     human–machine team and interaction     task allocation     human–machine relationship    

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et’s disease in a Chinese population

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 354-359 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0234-2

摘要：

Beh?et’s disease is defined as a multisystemic inflammatory disease. Although the precise pathogenesis and etiology is still a mystery, accumulating evidence shows that genetic variants of immune-related genes have a profound influence on the development of Beh?et’s disease. To explore the genetic factors for Beh?et’s disease, our group investigated the association of Beh?et’s disease with multiple immune response genes and has identified multiple Beh?et’s disease-related immunoregulatory pathways in the Chinese Han population. A large number of gene polymorphisms were studied including STAT4, IL23R, CD40, CCR1/CCR3, STAT3, OPN, IL17, JAK2, MCP-1, CTLA4, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, TGRBR3, CCR6, PTPN22, FCRL3, IRF5, SUMO4 and UBAC2. Significant associations were found between Beh?et’s disease and STAT4, IL23R, CD40, CCR1/CCR3, STAT3, MCP-1, TGFBR3, FCRL3, SUMO4, UBAC2. These genetic predisposition studies support an important role for both lymphocyte differentiation as well as ubiquitination pathways. These findings are helpful in elucidating the pathogenesis of Beh?et’s disease and hopefully will allow the development of novel treatment regimes.

关键词： Beh?et’s disease     SNPs     immune gene     genetic study    

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Heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from phenotype to genotype

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 425-432 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0295-x

摘要：

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and is mainly characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Given that multiple systems other than the lung can be impaired in COPD patients, the traditional FEV1/FVC ratio shows many limitations in COPD diagnosis and assessment. Certain heterogeneities are found in terms of clinical manifestations, physiology, imaging findings, and inflammatory reactions in COPD patients; thus, phenotyping can provide effective information for the prognosis and treatment. However, phenotypes are often based on symptoms or pathophysiological impairments in late-stage COPD, and the role of phenotypes in COPD prevention and early diagnosis remains unclear. This shortcoming may be overcome by the potential genotypes defined by the heterogeneities in certain genes. This review briefly describes the heterogeneity of COPD, with focus on recent advances in the correlations between genotypes and phenotypes. The potential roles of these genotypes and phenotypes in the molecular mechanisms and management of COPD are also elucidated.

关键词： chronic obstructive pulmonary disease     heterogeneity     phenotype     genotype     prediction    

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Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirectutilizations of the pervasive and green human energy

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 210-226 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0200-3

摘要： With the energy and environmental problems becoming increasingly serious, human power, as a pervasive, renewable, mobile and environment friendly energy, draws more and more attention over the world. In this paper, the most basic features of human power are presented. The currently available human power harvesting theories and devices are briefly reviewed and compared. Further, direct or indirect utilization of human power in daily life, especially transportation and home appliances, such as human-powered car, watercraft, aircraft, washing machine and television etc. are summarized. Considering that the total energy from an individual is rather limited, as previously focused by most of the former works, it is conceived in this paper that an important future for large scale use of human powers lies in the efficient conversion, collection and storage of such energy from discrete people and then use it later on as desired. With the huge amount of energy gathered, the application category of human power would be significantly expended. Starting from this point, three technical ways towards efficiently utilizing human power are sketched, which are termed as human-powered grid (HPG), human-powered charger (HPC) and human-powered storage (HPS), among which, HPG is capable of collecting the electric power produced by each individual at different regions and thus can supply unique and flexible power to the customers covered in the area, without relying on the conventional electricity grid. The HPC can then charge various kinds of electrical devices instantly by a human driven generator which converts human power into electricity. Finally, the HPS can store electricity in time for later use. In this way, even for the devices requiring electricity that is strong enough, the collected human power can also serve as its reliable energy source. Meanwhile, utilization of human power becomes rather convenient and timely which guarantees its practical value. It is expected that with further research and increasing applications, human power could partially relieve the current global electricity shortage and environmental issues via its pervasive contribution.

关键词： human energy harvesting     human-powered transportation     human-powered home appliances     human-powered grid (HPG)     human-powered charger (HPC)     human-powered storage (HPS)     biofuel    

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Acupuncture for the management of dry eye disease

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 975-983 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0923-4

摘要： The effectiveness of using acupuncture for dry eye disease (DED) is controversial. Thus, this systematic review investigated the effectiveness and feasibility of using acupuncture for DED in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA statement. The outcomes of interests were (1) to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in improving the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer I test score, and tear breakup time from baseline to the last follow-up; (2) to determine possible complications of using acupuncture; and (3) to investigate the superiority of acupuncture over other commonly used treatments for DED. Data from 394 patients were collected. Results showed that acupuncture significantly prolonged the tear breakup time (P < 0.0001), significantly increased the Schirmer I test score ( P < 0.0001), and significantly reduced the OSDI ( P < 0.0001) from baseline to the last follow-up. Compared with the control group, the acupuncture group had significantly greater Schirmer I test score ( P < 0.0001), significantly longer tear breakup time ( P = 0.0004), and significantly lower OSDI (P = 0.002). These results suggest that acupuncture is effective and feasible in improving symptoms and signs of DED. No severe adverse effects of acupuncture were observed.

关键词： dry eye disease     xerophthalmus     acupuncture    

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Exploration of Strategies for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control and Relevant System Development

Long-de Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 2-12 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015002

摘要： Chronic non-communicable diseases have become a major threat to humanity. International studies have shown that of 57 million deaths worldwide in 2008, 36 million (63%) were caused by chronic non-communicable diseases; of these, 29 million (80%) occurred in low and middle income countries. The WHO predicts that if the current trend continues, the annual number of deaths due to chronic non-communicable diseases will increase to 55 million by 2030. Due to acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, along with population aging and rapid changes of people’s lifestyle, the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases are rapidly increasing in China. Therefore, dealing with the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases has become one of the current major health issues for China to address. On the basis of summarizing the status of major chronic diseases in China, analyzing the key issues and key factors in chronic disease prevention and control, and reviewing and summarizing the experience from the previous projects, this paper proposes the following recommendations as strategies for chronic disease prevention and control and development of relevant system, which China should adopt. All relevant government departments should formulate corresponding policies; establish a coordinated and efficient work system with rational structure and clear division of tasks and responsibilities within the system. Implementation and development of “integrated medicine” in system is necessary. Work norms and requirements will then improve the performance and efficiency in chronic disease prevention and control in China.

关键词： chronic disease prevention and control     strategy and system construction    

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Implantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke: perspectives and challenges

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 20-29 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0371-x

摘要：

Ischemic stroke is a focal cerebral insult that often leads to many adverse neurological complications severely affecting the quality of life. The prevalence of stroke is increasing throughout the world, while the efficacy of current pharmacological therapies remains unclear. As a neuroregenerative therapy, the implantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) has shown great possibility to restore function after stroke. This review article provides an update role of hUC-MSCs implantation in the treatment of ischemic stroke. With the unique “immunosuppressive and immunoprivilege” property, hUC-MSCs are advised to be an important candidate for allogeneic cell treatment. Nevertheless, most of the treatments are still at primary stage and not clinically feasible at the current time. Several uncertain problems, such as culture conditions, allograft rejection, and potential tumorigenicity, are the choke points in this cellular therapy. More preclinical researches and clinical studies are needed before hUC-MSCs implantation can be used as a routinely applied clinical therapy.

关键词： cellular therapy     transplantation     human umbilical cord     mesenchymal stem cells     ischemic stroke    

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Astrocytes in depression and Alzheimer’s disease

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 829-841 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0875-0

摘要： Astrocytes are an abundant subgroup of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play a critical role in controlling neuronal circuits involved in emotion, learning, and memory. In clinical cases, multiple chronic brain diseases may cause psychosocial and cognitive impairment, such as depression and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For years, complex pathological conditions driven by depression and AD have been widely perceived to contribute to a high risk of disability, resulting in gradual loss of self-care ability, lower life qualities, and vast burden on human society. Interestingly, correlational research on depression and AD has shown that depression might be a prodrome of progressive degenerative neurological disease. As a kind of multifunctional glial cell in the CNS, astrocytes maintain physiological function via supporting neuronal cells, modulating pathologic niche, and regulating energy metabolism. Mounting evidence has shown that astrocytic dysfunction is involved in the progression of depression and AD. We herein review the current findings on the roles and mechanisms of astrocytes in the development of depression and AD, with an implication of potential therapeutic avenue for these diseases by targeting astrocytes.

关键词： astrocytes     depression     Alzheimer’s disease     roles     mechanisms    

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Minimal residual disease in solid tumors: an overview

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 649-674 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1018-6

摘要： Minimal residual disease (MRD) is termed as the small numbers of remnant tumor cells in a subset of patients with tumors. Liquid biopsy is increasingly used for the detection of MRD, illustrating the potential of MRD detection to provide more accurate management for cancer patients. As new techniques and algorithms have enhanced the performance of MRD detection, the approach is becoming more widely and routinely used to predict the prognosis and monitor the relapse of cancer patients. In fact, MRD detection has been shown to achieve better performance than imaging methods. On this basis, rigorous investigation of MRD detection as an integral method for guiding clinical treatment has made important advances. This review summarizes the development of MRD biomarkers, techniques, and strategies for the detection of cancer, and emphasizes the application of MRD detection in solid tumors, particularly for the guidance of clinical treatment.

关键词： MRD     solid tumor     CTC     ctDNA    

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Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection:

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 480-489 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0594-8

摘要：

Superinfection is frequently detected among individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Superinfection occurs at similar frequencies at acute and chronic infection stages but less frequently than primary infection. This observation indicates that the immune responses elicited by natural HIV-1 infection may play a role in curb of superinfection; however, these responses are not sufficiently strong to completely prevent superinfection. Thus, a successful HIV-1 vaccine likely needs to induce more potent and broader immune responses than those elicited by primary infection. On the other hand, potent and broad neutralization responses are more often detected after superinfection than during monoinfection. This suggests that broadly neutralizing antibodies are more likely induced by sequential immunization of multiple different immunogens than with only one form of envelope glycoprotein immunogens. Understanding why the protection from superinfection by immunity induced by primary infection is insufficient and if superinfection can lead to cross-reactive immune responses will be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine design.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus type I     superinfection     incidence     immune response    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Zooming in and out of ferroptosis in human disease

期刊论文

Progress on the research and development of human enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines

null

期刊论文

果蔬益生菌发酵技术及其产业化发展趋势

关倩倩, 熊涛, 谢明勇

期刊论文

人体微生态与健康

王保红, 姚铭飞, 吕龙贤, 凌宗欣, 李兰娟

期刊论文

人类遗传病的家系收集疾病基因定位克隆与疾病基因功能的研究

夏家辉

期刊论文

Challenges of human–machine collaboration in risky decision-making

期刊论文

et’s disease in a Chinese population

null

期刊论文

Heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from phenotype to genotype

null

期刊论文

Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirectutilizations of the pervasive and green human energy

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Acupuncture for the management of dry eye disease

期刊论文

Exploration of Strategies for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control and Relevant System Development

Long-de Wang

期刊论文

Implantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke: perspectives and challenges

null

期刊论文

Astrocytes in depression and Alzheimer’s disease

期刊论文

Minimal residual disease in solid tumors: an overview

期刊论文

Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection:

null

期刊论文